The author warns us in his Introduction on the discussion that it can emerge in connection with the very idea of a History of Basque Art. Subsequently it approaches that History by beginning it with a first chapter devoted to the artistic works produced by man, who inhabited this pyrenaic region, which was later to become the Basque Country, during the Palaeolithic period. He introduces a selection of such works, uncovered in prehistoric caves and studied by specialists, and summarises the theories about their significance that have been advanced up to the present day.