La conquista castellana de Álava, Guipúzcoa y el Duranguesado (1199 y 1200)

After intermittent hostilities throughout the 12th century, in the spring of 1199 the Castillian armies invaded the western territories of the Navarran monarchy: Álava, Guipúzcoa and the Duranguesado. The conquest of these spaces probably concluded in January 1200. The present article studies the castillian aggression based on those sources that are chronologically nearest to the events, distinguishing probable facts from the numerous interested interpretations of such facts carried out during the Modern and the Contemporary Ages.